Prostate Cancer Screening

PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING
The role of biopsy, PSA, PSA dynamics and isoforms
René Raaijmakers

Cover: Significant windscreen damage?
Layout and Printing: Gildeprint Drukkerijen - Enschede, The Netherlands ISBN: 978-94-90122-11-9

PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING
The role of biopsy, PSA, PSA dynamics and isoforms
VROEGOPSPORING VAN PROSTAATKANKER
De rol van biopsie, PSA, PSA dynamiek en iso-vormen
Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof.dr. S.W.J. Lamberts
en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op woensdag 20 mei 2009 om 13:45 uur
door
Petrus Franciscus Johannes Raaijmakers geboren te Eindhoven
 
 

PROMOTIECOMMISSIE

Promotoren: Overige leden:

Prof.dr. F.H. Schröder Prof.dr. C.H. Bangma
Prof.dr. J.W.W. Coebergh Prof.dr. K.H. Kurth Prof.dr. J.A. Schalken

The studies reported in this thesis were performed at the department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands as an integrated part of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). The ERSPC is funded by grants from the European Union, the Dutch Cancer Society and ZonMW.
The production of this thesis was financially sponsored by: Abbott, Astellas Pharma BV, AstraZeneca, Bard, Beckman Coulter, Carglass®, Dutch Cancer Society, Ferring BV, Integraal Kankercentrum Rotterdam, J.E. Jurriaanse Stichting, GlaxoSmithKline, Noviogendix, Pfizer, Stichting Contactgroep Prostaatkanker, SanofiAventis, SUWO, SWOP, Wyeth

Contents

PART I

Chapter 1 Introduction, scope and outline

11

Chapter 2 Diagnostic tests in screening for prostate cancer

15

PART II Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8

Complication rates and risk factors of 5802 transrectal

35

ultrasound-guided sextant biopsies of the prostate within a

population-based screening program.

Urology. 2002 Nov;60(5):826-30

PSA change in the European study of screening for

47

prostate cancer, section Rotterdam

Urology. 2004 Feb;63(2):316-20.

4-year prostate specific antigen progression and diagnosis

59

of prostate cancer in the European Randomized Study of

Screening for Prostate Cancer, section Rotterdam

J Urol. 2005 Aug;174(2):489-94; discussion 493-4.

Prostate carcinoma detection and increased prostate-

73

specific antigen levels after 4 years in Dutch and Japanese

males who had no evidence of disease at initial screening.

Cancer. 2005 Jan 15;103(2):242-50.

Prostate Cancer detection in PSA-range 2-3.9 mmol/l - Value

91

of percent free PSA on tumour detection and tumour aggressiveness.

J Urol. 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2245-9

hK2 and Free PSA, a Prognostic Combination in Predicting

103

Minimal Prostate Cancer in Screen-Detected Men within

the PSA Range 4-10 ng/ml.

Eur Urol. 2007 Nov;52(5):1358-64.

PART III

Chapter 9 General discussion

117

Chapter 10 Summary

133

Chapter 11 Summary (Dutch)

139

PART IV

List of co-authors

147

List of publications

151

Curriculum Vitae

155

Dankwoord

159

PhD Portfolio

163

List of abbreviations

AUC BLSA BPH BPSA DRE ERSPC hK2 iPSA PLCO PCA3 PCPT PPV pPSA PSA PSAV PSADT ROC TRUS

Area Under the Curve Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Benign Prostate Specific Antigen Digital Rectal Examination European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer human Kallikrein 2 intact Prostate Specific Antigen Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary cancer Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 Prostate Cancer Prevention Trail Positive Predictive Value pro PSA Prostate Specific Antigen Prostate Specific Antigen Velocity Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Time Receiver Operator Characteristics Transrectal Ultrasound

PART I
Chapter 1: Introduction, scope and outline of the thesis Chapter 2: Diagnostic tests in screening for prostate cancer