The Difference Between Disability and Impairment
Transcript Of The Difference Between Disability and Impairment
The Difference Between Disability and Impairment
A Distinction Worth Making
nn
Luvuyo Dzingwa -
MMPA Academic Symposium 4th May 2019
Outline
Summary
Impairment & Disability: Concepts & Definitions Social Security Protection Compensation Legislation Permanent Impairment Rating Conclusion: Q & A
2
Consequences of Workplace Injuries and Disease
Injury, Diseases or disorder
Impairment
• Alteration of one’s health status
• Any anatomic loss or functional abnormality persisting after MMI has been achieved
• At the organ level
Disability
• Assessed by non medical means
• Alteration of individuals’ capacity to meet personal , social , occupational , statutory or regulatory requirements.
• Either a functional limitation or
• An activity restriction of the person caused by an impairment
• At the person level
People with physical disabilities (PWD)
Limitations of socioeconomic roles, i.e. physical independence, mobility, social integration, economic self-sufficiency
• The disadvantage experienced by a person as a result of impairments
• Disadvantages that limit fulfillment of the an individual’s usual role.
• At the societal level
Adapted from Sequence of Concept (WHO, 1980)
Interaction of Concepts
Injury, Disease or Disorder
Body Functions/Structures
(Impairment)
Activities
(Limitations)
Participation
(Restriction )
Environmental Factors
Personal Factors
Source: WHO-ICF, Geneva: WHO:2001; Gray et al, (2000). Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 81:S10-S14
Impact of Impairment
Age Skills Education Occupation Language Skill Return Impact Functional Capacity Geographical opportunities Employer’s flexibility to modify job duties
Source: Adapted from College et al Korean Med Sci 2009; 24 (Suppl 2): S232-41.
Role of Social Security Protection
High
Above normal average
Impairment
Level of protection Level of functionality
Disability
Social Security Net
Low High
Resources
6
What is Social Security Protection ?
01
02
03
04
Collection of
Basic Premise
Programs/Public policies • Individuals and households are
responsible for their well being
• Address risk, vulnerability, • Most people rely on market
inequality and poverty through a
institutions
system of transfers (which may • informal—family and community
be cash or in kind).
based—support mechanisms.
• Assist individuals that face • But, markets imperfect and
economic and social difficulties
informal mechanisms may be
• Enable them to take greater
insufficient and/or inadequate.
advantage of economic • Essential to strengthen individuals’
opportunities.
and households’ capacity to deal
with difficulties.
Why Public Involvement in SSP?
• Market failure, • Negative externalities, • Asymmetric information • Some intervention – for
instance, some social services are “prescribed” (obligatory)
Higher welfare of the overall society
Fundamentals of Social Security Protection
Resilience
Building resilience to shocks • protects against drops in well-being from income and expenditure shocks • enables consumption smoothing over life cycle .
Core Functions
Project EquityObjectives
Improving equity • by protecting individuals and families from destitution and catastrophic losses
of human capital.
Opportunity
Improving opportunities for labor market inclusion
South Africa’s Social Security System
Pillar 1 Social Assistance (Non-contributory poverty alleviation)
Old Age Disability Child Support Foster Care Care Dependency War Veterans
Social Relief of Distress
Pillar 2 Social Insurance
(Contributory Mandatory)
Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF)
Compensation Funds
Road Accident Fund (RAF)
*National Health Insurance (NHI)
*National Social Security
Fund (NSSF)
Pillar 3 Voluntary (Supplementary) Arrangements
Pension and Provident Funds
Retirement Annuities
Group Life Schemes
Collective Investment Funds; Long-term savings and endowment funds and other discretionary savings
and insurance products
State of Social Security Protection
A Distinction Worth Making
nn
Luvuyo Dzingwa -
MMPA Academic Symposium 4th May 2019
Outline
Summary
Impairment & Disability: Concepts & Definitions Social Security Protection Compensation Legislation Permanent Impairment Rating Conclusion: Q & A
2
Consequences of Workplace Injuries and Disease
Injury, Diseases or disorder
Impairment
• Alteration of one’s health status
• Any anatomic loss or functional abnormality persisting after MMI has been achieved
• At the organ level
Disability
• Assessed by non medical means
• Alteration of individuals’ capacity to meet personal , social , occupational , statutory or regulatory requirements.
• Either a functional limitation or
• An activity restriction of the person caused by an impairment
• At the person level
People with physical disabilities (PWD)
Limitations of socioeconomic roles, i.e. physical independence, mobility, social integration, economic self-sufficiency
• The disadvantage experienced by a person as a result of impairments
• Disadvantages that limit fulfillment of the an individual’s usual role.
• At the societal level
Adapted from Sequence of Concept (WHO, 1980)
Interaction of Concepts
Injury, Disease or Disorder
Body Functions/Structures
(Impairment)
Activities
(Limitations)
Participation
(Restriction )
Environmental Factors
Personal Factors
Source: WHO-ICF, Geneva: WHO:2001; Gray et al, (2000). Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 81:S10-S14
Impact of Impairment
Age Skills Education Occupation Language Skill Return Impact Functional Capacity Geographical opportunities Employer’s flexibility to modify job duties
Source: Adapted from College et al Korean Med Sci 2009; 24 (Suppl 2): S232-41.
Role of Social Security Protection
High
Above normal average
Impairment
Level of protection Level of functionality
Disability
Social Security Net
Low High
Resources
6
What is Social Security Protection ?
01
02
03
04
Collection of
Basic Premise
Programs/Public policies • Individuals and households are
responsible for their well being
• Address risk, vulnerability, • Most people rely on market
inequality and poverty through a
institutions
system of transfers (which may • informal—family and community
be cash or in kind).
based—support mechanisms.
• Assist individuals that face • But, markets imperfect and
economic and social difficulties
informal mechanisms may be
• Enable them to take greater
insufficient and/or inadequate.
advantage of economic • Essential to strengthen individuals’
opportunities.
and households’ capacity to deal
with difficulties.
Why Public Involvement in SSP?
• Market failure, • Negative externalities, • Asymmetric information • Some intervention – for
instance, some social services are “prescribed” (obligatory)
Higher welfare of the overall society
Fundamentals of Social Security Protection
Resilience
Building resilience to shocks • protects against drops in well-being from income and expenditure shocks • enables consumption smoothing over life cycle .
Core Functions
Project EquityObjectives
Improving equity • by protecting individuals and families from destitution and catastrophic losses
of human capital.
Opportunity
Improving opportunities for labor market inclusion
South Africa’s Social Security System
Pillar 1 Social Assistance (Non-contributory poverty alleviation)
Old Age Disability Child Support Foster Care Care Dependency War Veterans
Social Relief of Distress
Pillar 2 Social Insurance
(Contributory Mandatory)
Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF)
Compensation Funds
Road Accident Fund (RAF)
*National Health Insurance (NHI)
*National Social Security
Fund (NSSF)
Pillar 3 Voluntary (Supplementary) Arrangements
Pension and Provident Funds
Retirement Annuities
Group Life Schemes
Collective Investment Funds; Long-term savings and endowment funds and other discretionary savings
and insurance products
State of Social Security Protection